English is taught in Law School. Steps are being taken to offer classes in foreign languages. French is currently offered to interested students.

The study of history is essential to any student of law as legal principles and legal institutions develop in a particular socio-economic context in history. Thus, in this course, the students are introduced to the study of history and its methodology, followed by the socio-economic history of India from the Vedic period to the end of the reign of the Mughals as the background for understanding the concept of justice, the legal systems and judicial administration in India prior to British rule.

The political, judicial, and legislative institutions in India today are largely a continuity of those that existed during the British administration of India. This course dwells on the development of the judicial institutions, as well as the growth of legislative, political and administrative structures and processes in India in the background of colonial rule. This includes a study of the Constitutional development in India as well as the history of legal education and the legal profession.

Study of legal history of major legal systems of the world, particularly the ancient systems, gives the student rare comparative insights on legal developments and their contextual relevance. More so when one's own legal system has deep roots in them. In this regard this course in history takes the student through the Roman and English Legal Systems. A module on the developments of rights is also included so as to contextualise and historicise the development of Human Rights in today's world. It is important for a student of law to be familiar with and understand the processes by which the various movements, schools and concepts of rights emerged. During this course an attempt is also made to understand the National Movement and problem of Communalism so as to appreciate the institutions and problems of the Indian state since independence.

The legal system is an integral part of the social system. Understanding the social system in terms of its organization, development, institutions and processes enables appreciation of the legal system in the societal context. This course introduces students to sociological concepts and theories, the tools and methods of sociology. It will discuss selected Indian social problems and provide a socio-legal perspective to look at order and change in society.

This may appropriately be called a course in "Law and Society" in so far as it attempts to look selectively at social problems, the interaction between the legal system and the social system with reference to such problems and the scope of the use of law in social engineering. Socio-legal approaches are employed to analyze critically issues such as dowry, rape, atrocities against women, communalism, reservation, atrocities against Dalits, etc. Elements of social research methods are also taught as part of the course.

Talking account of the intimate relationship between law and the science of power and obligations (politics) this subject is taught at NLSIU in three courses. The basic course prepares the student to receive instruction in public law subjects (constitutional Law, Administrative Law, and International Law) in the context of political forces operative in society. It therefore looks at political organization and its principles (state, law, and sovereignty) together with the nature and types of governments and constitutions. Finally, the course attempts to evaluate the contributions of western political thinkers in the context of Indian experiences.

Political Obligation is distinctly a problem in modern democratic theory. In the post-enlightenment period individual consent took the central stage in providing legitimacy to the political authority of the sovereign. Thus the growth of modern democratic theory is related to refinement in the understanding of individual autonomy (liberty), equality and the capacity to give informed consent (will) to the political process. In other words, the legitimate moral basis of "enforcement of law" must move away from coercion to "conscience" of the individual. Political Obligation is thus concerned about the process of democratic decision making through substantive participation of the "situated actors" thereby creating a binding moral basis for self-regulation. This course attempts to provide the students critical inputs into these aspects of democratic theory.

The course seeks to create and understanding of legal response to scientific and technological advances which give rise to legal issue.

The politics and principles in international relations from the main thrust of this course. It provides the foundation for appreciating problems of governance and power management in the international sphere and their impact in national politics. It discusses key concepts in international relations and the role of international institutions in historical perspective. Foreign policy formulation and the practice of diplomacy are important items for study along with the present trend to give economic factors the pride of place in international relations.

This is an introductory course in Economics covering elements of Micro Economics - product and factor markets, market structures and monetary and fiscal policy. Each of these areas is covered by introducing the students to theory, contextualising the emergence of the theory and highlighting its relevance in today's era of a globalising world, with special emphasis on India. Students also analyse the efficacy of theory in framing economic policy and related legislation.

This course is about development economics. It introduces different perspectives of development, different strategies and approaches to development. It critiques dominant perspectives of industrialisation and allocative efficiency as equivalent to development and introduces alternative perspectives, which may be more localised and therefore suited to indigenous communities. The role of different institutions like the State, market, voluntary agencies and people's organizations in handling issues like population increase, foreign debt, poverty and inequality are also analysed.

Law as an independent discipline has its own materials and methods. Though related to and reflective of social processes, its development is unique in several respects. A beginner to the study of law may find the subject abstract and confusing unless the character and content of legal knowledge are explained to her in a systematic fashion. This course attempts to do that. Familiarity with the sources of law and with legal materials and competence to find the law by the use of the law library are major concerns of this course. The ability to appreciate law as a process in the context of the other processes in society (political, economic, cultural, and social) is one of the goals of this course. Finally, the course may help the student to think and act like a lawyer and respond to his law studies accordingly.

Study of legal concepts and theories in the light of the role of law in social ordering and social engineering is a major focus of this course. Law in relation to other social controls and the relationship of law and justice are areas of special concern. Theories of justice and concepts of obligation and authority are discussed with reference to different models and patterns of ordering as well as different approaches and methodologies of study. Reference to ancient Indian legal thought and philosophy makes the course historically illuminating.

The course seeks to give an idea as to how the process of globalization is affecting the laws, legal systems and legal processes and their response to the phenomenon.

The science of interpretation of statutes constitute the main focus of this course. The legal order shares certain value systems with the social order and the dynamics of social processes has to inform the interpretative process to keep the two in a functional balance. Interpretation is a science developed even in ancient Indian legal thought. It has been enriched and expanded in contact with precedent-based English Common Law. This course examines the theory and practice of interpretation of statutes in the above context.

The system of government stipulated under the Indian Constitution and the fundamental principles governing its organization are the subjects of this course. The concept and context of federalism as practised in India and the contemporary status of Centre-State relations occupy a major part of the study. The theory of cooperative federalism and de-centralized administration are also taken as key issues in this analysis. The discussion is structured around the Sarkaria Commission Report on Centre-State Relations.

The course seeks to look into the influence of law upon society and vice-versa. The legal responses to social problems, the short comings and the possible alternative will be looked into. The idea is to understand the interface between law and social process, evaluate law as a policy instrument and promote law reform as part of development.

The course is exclusively devoted to a detailed analysis of fundamental freedoms guaranteed by Part III and complemented by fundamental state policy adumbrated in Part IV and both these reinforced by the provisions in Part IV-A of the Indian Constitution. Though incisive and comparative analysis of case law, the students are enabled to realise the status and importance of Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles and to examine the problems involved in their judicial enforcement. The chapter on Fundamental Duties will also be studied in the course and an effort will be made to articulate the basic values, which the Indian Constitution has identified and is attempting to actualise for justice and governance.

This is a course on governance under the Indian Constitutional Scheme. How is State power organized and administered? What are the structures and organs of government and what are their relative roles and functions ? The mechanics of constitutional government and the dynamics of checks and balances form a major focus of the course. Problems revealed in the actual working of the constitution and the alternate choice thrown up will also be discussed in a comparative perspective.

Control of government for ensuring the exercise of public power according to the constitution and the rule of law is the function of administrative law. The scope of this law is as broad and involved as the extent of government itself. This course will examine the history of this branch of law, its nature, scope and functions, the nature and control of delegated power including the rule making, the regulation of administrative discretion and principles of administrative adjudication. The subject will be handled in a comparative perspective wherever desired.

This course involves a critical and comparative study of the system of different personal laws governing family relations such as marriage, separation (divorce), maintenance, guardianship and custody, adoption etc. At NLSIU the attempt has been towards evolving a Uniform Civil Code at least in the academic study by identifying the core concepts in marriage laws of all communities and relating them to find the jurisprudential principles. Special care is taken in the course to look at the status of women and children in family relations law with a view to ensure greater protection of constitutional rights of these groups in family law administration.

The second course in family law is devoted mainly to the study of property relations in family. The legal incidence of joint family and the laws of succession (testamentary and intestate) according to the Personal Law of different communities will be discussed in a perspective that promotes thinking on a Uniform Civil Code and equality among sexes in property relations within the family.

Sanctity of contracts forms the foundation of civilised legal order. The principles governing the formation, performance and termination of contracts form the thrust of this course. The freedom of contract in the context of the new types of standard form and government contracts will receive attention in the course. Contractual remedies including statutory remedies as envisaged in the Specific Relief Act, 1963 also will be studied in the perspective of their evolution in English Common Law.

Contract law has assumed special forms in the course of its evolution to suit changes in society. Some of these special contracts such as indemnity, Guarantee, Bailment, Agency and Partnership are studied in this course.

As a business unit, corporations occupy a unique position in contemporary economic activities. From its humble origin as a convenient vehicle to carry on manufacturing and allied activities, the modern corporation has grown in all industrialised societies as a colossal institution with power and influence even outside State frontiers. This course will study the structure and formation of companies, diverse forms of business organizations, corporate personality, the constitutional documents of the company, corporate finance.

Having studied the role, formation and legal status of corporations in Corporate Law I, this course takes the student to an analysis of the corporate structures and functions of corporate organs, corporate abuses and remedies thereto, corporate mergers and takeovers, government regulations of corporations and social responsibilities of corporations, winding up of companies etc. The course emphasises the role of law in corporate management. With globalisation trends in the economy, the issues, which may come up in the corporate sector, may demand special scruting and the course will try to address them.

The course is intended to be an introduction as a non-compulsory Business Law courses. It seeks to give an idea as to role of specific laws for economic development and their success or failure. The course seeks to develop the analytical ability to students in the area of Economic/Business Law.

The concept of 'property' and the nature of property right are basic to the understanding of law relating to property. This course will study the concept in particular, its contemporary emphasis, on 'user', the evolution of the right to transfer property and the limitations operating thereon as laid down in the Transfer of Property Act. Necessary references will be made to the English law as well as to the doctrines of equity which have been responsible for the crystallisation of the basic principles of property law.

The general principles relating to transfer of property will be studied in the backdrop of the law of contract to which it owes considerable allegiance.

The course will introduce the students to the local land laws.

This course will study national and international concerns, the bases for them and policy responses to them both within India and internationally. The Third World dilemma between environment and development with special reference to economic approaches and human rights concerns will be considered. The course will analyze the legislative and judicial responses to environmental problems and the administrative system of environment related laws such as air, water, land, forest and hazardous substances laws. Environment advocacy and approaches for using litigation in environment protection will receive special attention.

This course deals with the basic framework of industrial relations in the country. Trade Union Act, Industrial Disputes Act and the Industrial Employment Standing Orders Act are the major legislations studied in this regard. A dynamic approach of studying issues such as recognition of trade unions, collective bargaining, dispute settlement, regulation of job losses etc., is adopted keeping a variety of laws and policies bearing on the subject in focus. The changing nature of labour relations in a market friendly system and the role of the State in it are also discussed in a comparative perspective.

Direct taxes and its administration is the focus of this course. The principles of taxation (income tax, corporation tax, wealth tax and gift tax), the system of tax assessment, recovery and administration, the incidence of tax in production, consumption, saving and income distribution are discussed in the course with the help of case law and statutory provisions. A major concern in the course is to relate the economic policies and processes to tax and fiscal policies in different systems of economic administration keeping the constitutional goals in view.

NLSIU has evolved an integrated approach to legal education under which the law relating to wrong (torts) is taught in the very first trimester itself. Of course, more complicated torts are dealt with in a separate course. The principles of tortuous liability, the general defences against to tort actions and a few popular torts in contemporary society are included in this course. The course is taught largely through the 'case method'.

Beginning with some basic questions such as 'what is a crime?' Why do we punish?' etc., this course will study a range of offences which the Indian substantive criminal law (The Indian Penal Code) has classified as offences against body, property, State, marriage and public tranquility. Essential principles of liability will also come in for discussion with reference to the definitions of the above offences. Besides selected offences from the Penal Code and special criminal laws, a detailed study of the principles of criminal responsibility, the nature and scope of defenses to criminal actions and the changing concepts of criminal Jurisprudence will be undertaken. Criminal law reform in its substantive aspects will engage the attention during this course.

General principles of public international law including law of peace, war and development are the subjects of this course. Third world concerns particularly in respect of security and development engage the attention in the context of the changing power balance and the role of United Nations and international agencies in structuring the solutions. India's contribution to the development of public international law will also be assessed in the course.

This course mainly seeks to deal with the law of International Institutions and International Human Rights Law.

Understanding legal procedures early in legal education helps the student to appreciate not only the judicial proceedings but also the role of lawyers and judges in structuring legal decisions. Many topics of substantive law also fall in place if procedures are well comprehended. Above all, early detailed study of procedural subjects enable the student to meaningfully participate in placement training and in clinical education courses. The NLSIU teaches Civil Procedure in three courses during the third year of the five-year LL.B. Course.

Is designed to acquaint the students of the structure of the civil judiciary, its powers and jurisdiction, and the significance of various procedural steps stipulated for trial of civil litigation. The goal of "fair trial" and its structure in adversarial proceedings will be examined in this course. The nature and significance of pleadings and practical aspects relating to it are studied. Access to justice particularly for the poor is examined in detail.

This course will pursue civil litigation through appellate courts, examining corrective steps available in civil proceedings. Appellate litigation strategies and choice of grounds for appellate/revision petitions will be studied in the context of provisions of the C.P.C. and rules of civil practice. Drafting exercises will form a major part of the course. The course will also study the law of limitation.

Continuing the study of civil procedure, the third course on the subject will concentrate on execution of decrees and orders of court and the procedures laid down for it.

The course will devote half the time to discuss the growing body of law relating to arbitration of disputes particularly in commercial matters. Some comparative insight into international commercial arbitration is also proposed to be introduced in the course which will help students in the fifth year to pursue the clinical programme on commercial arbitration.

This course is on criminal procedure, not just the provisions of the Cr.P.C., but the concept of a fair trial, the Constitutional provisions bearing on criminal proceedings and the pattern and problems of criminal justice administration. The objects of the course include an understanding of the institutions and procedures involved in the criminal process and an appraisal of their functioning in the present context in the country.

Teaching criminal procedure is incomplete without evidence law. Law of evidence is equally important for understanding a variety of subjects in the law curriculum. Facts, fact investigation, facts appraisal and articulation are essential skills for a lawyer. The principles of relevancy and admissibility as well as the essence of the 'best evidence rule' are discussed with reference to the provisions of the Indian Evidence Act and interpretations offered in the light of decided cases.

Under the New Vision Program Single Credit Courses have been introduced to law school. These courses comprise of an 18 hour module spread over a week. Thus allowing the nation's otherwise busy leading professionals and academics from foreign universities to teach in law school. These courses are intensive and focus on highly specialized areas of law. Recent courses have been offered on.

Shipping Law

Economics of marriage and Divorce

Globalization, The Environment and Human Rights

Competition Law

Women and Legal Reform: A Historical Perspective

Law and Literature

Intellectual property rights

Polictics in India

International Comparative Environmental Law

This course will focus on dispute resolution methods client interviewing and counseling; litigation planning; investigation strategies; negotiation and mediation. The detailed course outline and the method of evaluation will be announced before the commencement of the Course each year. In order to teach the course effectively by giving more opportunities to the entire student body in a given trimester, the course will take about 26 to 30 students who will continue the programme in one form or another in the following two Trimesters as well. In other words, the course effectively continues throughout the academic year.

This will be simulation course where the first part will its focus on preparation for trial and strategies. It will also teach techniques of examination and cross-examination of witnesses, argumentation in Court, bail applications and injunction applications. The second part of this simulation course with its focus on writing appellate briefs in civil cases, criminal cases and writ matters and arguing before the appropriate forums.

NLSIU has been emphasising the learning of skills in the legal education curriculum. The NLSIU endeavours to produce lawyers who can face new challenges posed to the legal profession from time to time. In order to achieve this, the clinical programme in NLSIU covers a wide range of activities which include simulation exercises, working on real client problems, legal aid clinic, legislative drafting, law reform exercises etc. The broad objectives of the clinical programmes are :-

• To acquaint the students with the lawyering process generally and the skills of advocacy in particular.

• To expose students to the actual social milieu in which disputes arise and to enable them to develop a sense of social responsibility in professional work;

• To be able to seek critically knowledge from outside the traditional legal areas for better delivery of legal services;

• To understand the limits and limitations of the formal legal systems and to appreciate the relevance and use of alternate modes of lawyering;

• To imbibe social and humanistic values in relation to law and legal processes while following the norms of professional ethics.

In order to achieve the said objectives. NLSIU offers a wide range of opportunities. Among the compulsory activities are the project assignments, placement training and three clinical courses, which every student has to offer. The optional component includes moot courts and mock trials, legal aid support activities, law reform projects, work in the Centre for Women and Law and the Human Rights courses.

The required Clinical Courses are scheduled from III year onwards. In all there will be three Clinical Courses for a total of 300 marks, which all students have to study. Out of them, two will be simulation exercise and practice courses and one will be a special clinical course concerning real life situations and field experiences.

The two simulation courses will be:

• Client interviewing and Alternate Dispute Resolution System carrying 100 marks (See Box)

• Trial Advocacy and Appellate Advocacy 100 marks (See Box)

Placement Clinic is integrated with the Placement Programmes. The Placement Programme for a two-month period from Jan-March is compulsory from III year class. III year and IV year placement, which are with an advocate practicing at a trial and an appellate court respectively, will be given a weightage of 30 marks each. The V year placement will have a weightage of 40 marks. The placement in the V year will be focused on the area in which the student wants practise/specialise. The three compulsory placements put together will be the course content of the Special Field-based Clinic for 100 marks. The details as to the areas on which the students will be required to work and the evaluation break up will be supplied to the students at the time of placement each year.

This is a compulsory course in the final term of under graduate education intended to round off several ideological, moral, social and professional issues, which would have arisen in the mind of the student on the nature of legal practice in Indian and international settings.

Besides examining the code of professional ethics and etiquette both in theory and in practice, the Course will address itself to the growing social responsibilities and challenges. In so doing the judiciary will be considered as part of the profession.

A special aspect of the course is the study of the problems and prospects of public interest advocacy and internationalization of legal practice in the changing scenario of law in society and in development.

There shall be an EXAMINATION COMMITTEE constituted by the Director for each year with not less than four teachers of the University by rotation. Every teacher will submit to the Examination Committee at the beginning of each Trimester, the outline of the course he/she is teaching, a detailed teaching plan, and the plan he/she is adopting for evaluation of student performance. The course outline, the teaching plan as well as the evaluation scheme will be made available to the students at the beginning of the Trimester itself.

The examination (evaluation) is purely internal. The Teacher who offers the course shall also evaluate the performance of the student. If a course is taught by more than one teacher, they shall jointly prepare the questions, organise the examination, evaluate the performance and prepare the results. The scheme of evaluation shall ordinarily be as follows:-

1. A registered student is required to attend all the classes and can absent himself to a maximum of 25% of the classes on permissible grounds like medical, field study, etc.

2. If a registered student does not attend in any course, including elective/seminar courses for at least 75% of the total classes held he/she shall be declared as disqualified and shall not be allowed to appear in the examination in the said course and shall be required to re-register for the course when it is next offered.

3. The UGC office shall communicate to the students after 6 weeks from the commencement of the trimester the status of the attendance of each student in the course. A copy of the status report shall be submitted to the Class Coordinator.

4. On completion of the course the subject teacher shall immediately submit a status report regarding attendance to the Class Co-ordinator who shall then notify the same including students who are disqualified from appearing for the examinations on the grounds of attendance shortage.

5. A student claiming attendance make-up may submit the application in the given proforma to the exam-dept concerned within 3 days from the date of absence from the class. The make-up may be claimed on the following grounds :

• representing the university in any inter-college, inter-university, national or international events;

• attending on the instructions of the university any university activity;

• attending any programme on Legal Aid, Lok Adalat, preparation of Public Interest Litigation etc; or

• empirical research required for any subject, not exceeding one day per subject, with the prior permission of the subject teacher.

However, such attendance make-up shall not exceed 10% of the total number of classes held. In case of teams representing the university outside Bangalore they shall be entitled to the travel time in addition to the 10%.

In any case, the concerned student will be required to fulfill the 75% requirement without makeups.

6. Students seeking attendance make-up on medical grounds shall submit the application in the given proforma supported by a certificate from a qualified medical officer/hospital acceptable to the University, or from the university doctor. The exemption from attending on medical grounds shall be given only when the student has been advised bed rest or hospitalised. Absence on medical grounds need not be within 10% limit. But in any case, the student is required to take minimum of 75% classes held in the said subject.

7. Five (5) marks will be awarded for class participation in all courses. Seminars may have upto ten (10) marks for the class participation. Each teacher will announce the methodology and criteria for award of marks for class participation in his/her course/seminar, subject to the approval of the Under Graduate/Post Graduate Council and Director.

Rules relating to submission of Project Assignments.

1. Project topics for the next trimester will be declared before the end of the previous trimester, so as to facilitate research during the vacation.

2. At least two projects have to be completed by a student within the first four weeks and the next two/one within the next four weeks after the mid-term exams.

3. The last day for submission of the projects I & II will be announced at the beginning of the trimester.

4. If the students do not submit on the last date for submission as notified by the Under Graduate Council the late submission shall attract penalty marks as follows :

• Students will lose half a mark as penalty for each day of late submission including holidays.

• After six days from the date for submission no project will be accepted and the marks for projects will be zero.

5. No extension, for submission of projects, shall ordinarily be given. Extension shall be given only if the university utilised the service of the student for research, journal or related activities. Such extension be only given on application to the class coordinator, which will then be entered in a given application form to be attached to the project while submitting the project. The class coordinator may also consider granting extension on medical/any other grounds. In such a case the calls coordinator shall bring the matter before the Under Graduate Council.

1. Viva-voce or presentations shall be the procedure by which students shall be evaluated for 10 marks so allotted. The subject-teacher shall notify to the class council and the students the procedure that shall be adopted in a particular course during a particular trimester within one week of the commencement of the trimester.

2. In the case of viva-voce a panel of at least 2 teachers shall conduct it. Under no circumstance shall the subject teacher alone conduct the viva-voce.

3. A teacher may choose to have project presentations instead of viva-voce to evaluate the student for the 10 marks. In such a case the presentations are to be made in the presence of a group of students, never to the teacher alone. Such presentations are to be conducted after class hours. They shall not be held in the classroom during class hours.

1. Project exemptions may be granted on the similar responsibility of research and preparation of reports either at the instance of the University or for preparation of memorials for Moot Court competitions of national and international standing. However, such research product has to be submitted in lieu of the project in a course, as granted by the class coordinator, to the subject teacher.

2. Ordinarily such substitution is permissible wherever approved only against one project assignment (i.e. for 25 marks). In exceptional circumstances the Under Graduate Council may allow it in lieu of two project assignments. In the latter case the Under Graduate Council shall record the reasons for its decision. The subject against whom such substitution is allowed shall be notified.

3. In such cases the viva-voce/presentation marks, in the subject where such substitution has been granted, shall be the average of the marks secured in the other subjects.

4. For purposes of guidance, it is suggested that if a student is selected to represent the University in, say, an inter-collegiate or inter-university Moot-Court Competition, such student, on due representation, may be given substitution in one project assignment. The written memorial prepared by him/her shall be treated as the project assignment and so evaluated for 25 marks available for a given course. However, if the student is selected for an international Moot-Court Competition and if he/she participated in such contest, substitution may be allowed for two project assignments (i.e. for 25 marks each in two courses).

5. Students who have put in "substantial work" in connection with selection of articles, editing, and such allied activities in relation to the Law School Publications or other research work as assigned by the University may seek substitution of such activities for one project assignment to be done during the trimester provided the following conditions are satisfied:

• Substitution shall be permitted by the Under Graduate Council only on the recommendation of the Faculty Member concerned.

• The subject against which such substitution is allowed should be declared by the Under Graduate Council.

• Other norms applicable to the substitution of project assignments in the case of moot-court participation shall apply mutatis mutandis in this case also.

• In deciding whether a member of the Editorial Board should be given the substitution or not, the Under Graduate Council will be guided by the items of work the said member has done and the quality and quantum of work done as certified by the concerned faculty advisor.

6. These norms and procedure are evolved with a view to encourage student participation in co-curricular activities and recognise hard work put in there. In no circumstance shall the substitution be allowed to cover up laziness, mediocrity or avoidance of required study and examination.

1. With reference to project evaluation for the Ist and IInd year students greater importance shall be given for foot-notes, bibliography, style of writing etc. While for the III years importance shall be given for analysis, critiquing, etc. the IV and V years project assignments shall be examined for analysis, originality, recommendations, etc. All outstanding projects shall be notified in the class by the subject-teacher/class coordinator. They shall be classified, compiled and bound and shall be placed in the library for reference. Such projects as are deemed worthy of publication shall with the assistance of the subject teacher be edited, updated and sent for publication.

2. In such courses as the faculty may decide, there may be common topics of Project Assignment, known as "Group Projects" which will be undertaken by a group of students.

3. In respect of such Group Projects, the 25 marks allotted to the Project Assignment, shall be apportioned as follows :

• 20 marks for individual report by each Member of the Group;

• 5 marks for the individual contribution to the group exercise and group report taken as a whole;

Provided it shall be competent for the Under Graduate Council, for reason to be given in writing, to allocate equal weightage of marks for the individual work and group work.

There shall be an examination for 60 marks. For the first year the examination shall be in the middle of the trimester and at the end of it, with the marks distributed between the two as the teacher feels necessary. From the second year onwards, the mid trimester examination is optional and for the teacher concerned to decide.

Note : As far as possible, the written examination shall be based on problem type questions. The Examination Committee will have the authority to split the total marks of mid-term and/or end-of-trimester examination between the objective type examination carrying not more than 15 marks in separate subjects and a regular problem-cum-descriptive type examination for the remaining marks in each examination.

Provided also in case of 'Elective Clinical Courses' and 'Elective Seminars' the scheme of evaluation shall ordinarily be as follows :

• Written report/paper by student 50 marks

• Oral presentation/discussion and Defence 25 marks

• Written examination - 25 marks

Provided further in case of certain courses, if it is found necessary to modify the above pattern, the Director, on the recommendation of the Examination Committee, shall permit such modification, the details of which shall be announced at the commencement of the trimester for the advance information of the students concerned.

	70% and above	0 [Outstanding]
	65% to 69%	A+
	60% to 64%	A
	55% to 59%	B+
	50% to 54%	B
	Below 50%	F

The evaluation shall be through grades in a seven-point scale with the corresponding grade values as detailed in the box.

In order to be declared successful in any course, a student shall secure any of the first seven grades mentioned above. Those who secure an 'F' grade shall be deemed to have failed in the course concerned.

Complaints, if any, regarding the evaluation shall be sent by the student in writing within a week of the announcement of the results to the Examination Committee through the Registrar which shall make suitable recommendations on it within a fortnight to the Director whose decision thereon shall be final.

In respect of students who are unsuccessful in the course by obtaining an 'F' grade, a supplementary examination will be organised by the examination dept. The repeat examination in such cases shall be limited to a total of 60 marks and the marks obtained earlier for the remaining 40 marks will be taken into consideration while determining the grade at the re-examination.

Provided in the case of 'Elective Clinical Course' and 'Elective Seminar', the re-examination shall be limited to items (i) and (ii) under proviso to Regulation 10.3 for a total of 75 marks and the marks obtained earlier for the remaining 25 under item (iii) will be taken into consideration while determining the grade.

Provided also that in the case of Clinical and Seminar Courses where modified scheme has been announced, the scope of repeat examination to be taken by the students who have failed or absented themselves for any reason shall be as announced by the teachers concerned with the approval of the Director and the repeat examination shall be completed within the completion of the immediately following trimester.

The number of times one can repeat the examination shall be only once (excluding the main examination) irrespective of the student failing or absenting for any reason and the grade secured at the repeat examination shall carry letter 'R' at the top.

The facility of special repeat may be given by the university at the end of third year and fifth year. It will be for one subject only.

At the end of each year, each student will be furnished with a transcript indicating the grades obtained in different courses that one had registered and completed during that year along with the CGPA obtained till the end of that year.

No examination fee shall be collected from the students for any regular examination taken for the first time.

However, an examination fee of Rs. 200/- shall be charged for every repeat examination taken either for securing a pass in a course in which he failed/absented or for improving the grade in a course.

The above-mentioned Regulations will come into effect from the Academic Year starting from 1st July 2002.

The modified Regulations shall mutatis mutandis apply to the batches already admitted during the Academic Years subject to readjustment of some of the courses, if and when found necessary.

A student shall be eligible for promotion to the next higher class provided he or she has secured at least "C" grade in all the courses and also secured a CGPA of 3.00 at the end of the year failing which, he or she has to repeat the class and secure the prescribed CGPA of 3.00 by improving the grades in any of the course(s) after seeking readmission to the same class and registering for the course(s). He or she can get re-admission to a class only once.

A student seeking readmission shall submit the prescribed application form before the last date as announced and pay the prescribed fee of Rs. 1000/- for each of the courses registered.

Provided that in respect of the Elective Seminar or Clinical Courses, a student who fails to obtain the minimum "C" grade in the available chances shall re-register for the course as and when offered for the regular batch of students or as offered by the University in consultation with the teacher concerned. The facility of re-admission shall be available only once to a student in a given year of study.

A student admitted to the Degree Programme shall have to pass all the prescribed and optional courses totaling 60 within the maximum period of eight years from and including the year of admission in order to be eligible for the award of the Degree. Upon the application of a student and the satisfaction of the University that the student is a diligent and conscientious student, the Academic Council may at its discretion extend the six year limit.

A student will be eligible for the award of B.A., LL.B. (Hons.) degree only when he has successfully completed all the prescribed 60 courses with a total of 240 credits and obtained a CGPA of 3.00 out of 7.00.

Provided students of the B.A., LL.B. (Hons.) Degree Programme who have completed successfully approved courses in a Foreign University under the Student Exchange Programme, shall get the benefit of transfer of credits and course requirements along with the grades of courses completed towards completion of B.A., LL.B. (Hons.) Degree Programme at NLSIU to the extent as may be decided by a Committee consisting of the Director and two Senior Faculty Members nominated by the Director.

No student shall be allowed to avoid taking any examination on the completion of the course excepting for valid reasons for which prior written permission shall be obtained from the Director on a written request giving the reasons.

Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) is arrived at by dividing the sum of the products of Grade Values and the Course Credits in each course by the total number of credits in all the courses.